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Hollywood – is the birth of filmmaking in America, its development and prosperity. Hollywood was and still remains multifaceted symbol of America: the “creative Olympus”, and “a place where people sell gold for the soul”, and “the environment in which talents are dying”, and this business enterprise, part of a huge show-business.
Hollywood cinema is the most popular in the world. Hollywood has a significant influence on the cinema of other countries, it’s no secret that it was Hollywood movies set in the fashion of many genres of film. They are decisive in the choice of subject, and in the selection of an ensemble of actors, and in creating the image of the film for an advertising campaign. Today this industry still dictates fashion for movies, every year it produces thousands of films. And that is something!
The old studio system in Hollywood combined the production of films, their rent and a network of cinemas. This system, which allowed major U.S. companies to win national and international markets, known as the “Golden Age of Hollywood.”
Film production has two main components: the producer and his film crew and services. Many of the major studios of the world combine these processes under one roof: for example the famous “Seven” studious in Hollywood – Fox, Universal, Paramount, Sony, Disney, Warner, MGM. Other studios offer only services and rent out their premises for lease without their own production and distribution: for example the famous Hollywood studio “Raleigh.” All those and others, regardless of whether they run in the production of their own products or not, have one thing in common – the perfect industrial base.
1. History of creation of cinema industry in the USA and Creation of Hollywood
The creation of cinema is considered to be the date of the first public display of film of brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere, on December 28, 1895. At that time Lumière brothers showed only their “moving pictures” in Paris” Grand Cafe, and in the U.S. film industry was already a dynamic industry of entertainment. Thomas Alva Edison in 1891, presented his movie-making camera and peep show – the device that projected moving image onto the screen. However, the screen size was slightly larger than a matchbox, but for a minute audience could see a moving picture. Two years later, William Dickson, Edison’s assistant, built first studio and began to make films that appear in cinema salons. Unexpectedly peep show became very popular, maybe because it created the illusion of a long trip or visiting the theater, where different comedies or entertaining stories were shown. From the invention of the Lumiere brothers, peeps differed only by one thing – the lack of a large screen, that was corrected by Edison in April 1896. Since then, the U.S. salons became real cinemas.
Why the cinema was so popular in the United States? In Europe films and cinema were entertainment for more or less wealthy people, and in America they immediately became available to the mass public.
In 1908, Edison subjected to himself all firms that used while film production and distribution his proprietary equipment. Everyone who wanted to work in the field of cinematography, was supposed to make a charge, otherwise he threatened to prosecute. To escape from the agents of Edison, William H. Zelig shifted production of his films from Chicago to California, opening Hollywood studio. So did also Carl Lemmle, who moved his company from the capital of cinema New York to the West Coast. (Bowser, 1990, p. 160.)
Cinema came in Hollywood in the person of Colonel William H. Zelinga, who in the beginning of XX century bought the piece of land in Wilcox’s area for a branch of his Chicago production company. He acted entirely on legal rights – he had an official license for the survey equipment and rolling copying movies. However, in 1907 in America broke the so-called “patent war”, the essence of which were disputes about the ownership of projection equipment. After that, the municipality of Los Angeles forbidden to open in the city and its environs “nickelodeons” (semi-underground cinema, at the entrance to which was taken a charge of five cents, in English “Ni”, and “Odeon” is a theater, where the stolen movies were shown on unlicensed equipment).
Interest to the cinema in America evolved in parallel with great colonization process of the country with people all over the world, who were the potential audience. For example, in 1907 only from Europe to America came to 1,285,000 people, who gave a new and strong impetus to the development of cinema. In addition, it were immigrants who became founders of the country’s largest movie studios: Adolf Tsukor (Hungary ), who began his career as an apprentice at the furriers, founded “Paramount”; Charles Lemley (Germany) – founded the “Universal”, Warner Brothers (Poland) – founded the “Warner Brosers”, Louis B. Mayer ( Russia, Belarus) – founded «Metro-Goldwin-Mayer». (Scott, 2005)