Custom essays on Communication

Discussing communication from language point of view we see that linguistic intercourse flows on a chart, as any other form of activity. Specialist on linguistic pragmatics also talks about a linguistic action, its subject (or subjects) and object, purpose and result, facilities and methods, situation (terms, context), rules and conventions, success or failure etc. And as in linguistic communication there is an exchange by reports as structures of value, there are questions about that, how the values of different types function, what from them relatively stay constant, and what arise up exactly in the concrete acts of communication, generated by contexts. By products and together with it by the objects of linguistic intercourse as carriers of data, senses there are utterances and reports contained in them.
Analyzing structure of communication we should mark that there are two forms of linguistic communication. A primary form is vocal intercourse. In this case for encoding of reports voice (acoustic) signs are used, and they are passed to audio-vocal communication channel. Other form can be named text intercourse. Reports in this case are encoded by means of graphic signs which are passed to by-optical to the communication channel. By text mainly there is intercourse with the use of fax and especially in the internet (for example, in correspondence by e-mail). True, it is necessary to stipulate, that today possible already and voice mail. In text intercourse such form, as transmission, appeared by the mobile telephones of so-called SMS. Saying about participants of intercourse we can name them parties of vocal intercourse – talking and listening persons. Writing come forward the subjects of text intercourse and reading. It is possible to use more general denotations: a sender is a recipient, producer is a recipient. The possible presence of extraneous persons who transferable information does not intend is taken into account at times. It is therefore talked about an addressee, to distinguish him from the extraneous listening or reader.
Communication is carried out at presence of certain personality relations, emerged between communicators. Character of these relations can be different, for example: close – between friends; intimate – between the married couples; formal – between colleagues; conflict – between political competitors; hostile – between irreconcilable opponents et cetera. In general, according to statement of scientists, communicative mutual relations are built on four basic principles: 1) emotional senses, cold calculations and formalism; 2) intimacy and likeness; 3) spontaneities and sympathy; 4) dominance – subordination. Certainly, all of them influence on the process of communication in their specific way.
Defining the communication process in the frames of social surrounding some facts can gain our attention and need more detailed explanation. Communication influences on social surroundings and tests its influence. So, communication as the certain structured process is carried out between the components of the constantly developing system, which can be numerated as a family, group, organization, establishment, different collectives and public formings, being simultaneously both producers and products of communication.
For achievement of the desired result the process of communication must be carried out on set of common accepted rules. For example, for acceptance of group decision it is necessary to adhere to such four terms: (1) exactly to estimate the state of the discussed problem; (2) jointly and fully to find out a purpose and produce the criteria of estimation of approaching to it; (3) to specify, what positive consequences accepted decision can be; (4) to specify, what subzero consequences are possible because of decision-making. In other words, carrying out the process of communication, we constantly appeal to social experience, social norms and values of human association, taking into account the concrete state of economic, political, and possibly, even international terms. Notably all tools of communication process are organically connected between each other and are in a state of dynamic development.
So, analyzed component parts of communicative model are simple, built on good sense and always remain steady, whatever new technological devices of information we used. People initiate and organize communication and they do it for the sake of people. However, as all links of communication process malfunctioned effectively, what convincing words and reports were not, an action must follow on all of it. Luxurious brochures, keen speeches, reasonable articles, the «good press» can come into a public notice. But, eventually, to obtain the real support of people, words need to be supported with the proper actions.
Thus, taking into account all above stated it is necessary to conclude that we define the term communication and describe its specific characteristic from different sides. If to be honest, there are a lot of different definitions of the concept, chosen for our discussion, but I like most of all the next, that in my opinion reflects the essence of this process in the best way. According to I.A. Richards “communication takes place when one mind so acts upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that other mind an experience occurs which is like the experience in the first mind, and is caused in part by that experience.” For most people their work is the primary source of social co-operation. A communicativeness which is carried out in a group is a mechanism by which the members of group express the attitude toward what be going on. In the same way communicativeness is instrumental in emotional expression of workers and allows to realize social necessities. A substantial value has and functions of communicativeness which is related to its role in the process of making decision. It allows to give information which needs individuals and groups for making decision, by means of information transfer for authentication and estimation of alternative decisions.