Term paper on Effectiveness of Interventions

In the treatment of anorexia nervosa there are key elements in improving physical health, behavioral, cognitive and family therapy. Pharmacotherapy at best is a supplement to other forms of psychotherapy. Essential components of treatment are nutritional rehabilitation and measures aimed at restoring body weight, as described in Anorexia treatment and recovery.

Behavioral therapy leads to weight gain. Cognitive therapy is aimed at correcting distorted cognitive structures of perception itself in the form of fat, the definition of self-worth solely on their own body image and a deep sense of failure and inadequacy. One of the elements of cognitive therapy is cognitive restructuring. In this approach, patients should find a specific negative thoughts, make a list of evidence to support these ideas and a list of evidence to refute these ideas, make informed choices and use it to control their own behavior. Another element in cognitive therapy – is to solve problems. In this procedure, the patient identifies a particular problem, developing a different solution, considering the likely effectiveness and feasibility of each solution, selects the best defines the stages of implementation of that decision, implement it and then looks at the entire process of solving problems based on the result. Another important element of cognitive therapy is to monitor: the patient must make daily entries in respect of meals, including the type of ingested food, meal times and a description of the environment in which food is taken.

Family therapy is especially effective in children younger than 18 years. Aimed at correcting violations of family relationships, it is leading to the development of disease in a child. Pharmacotherapy – anorexia nervosa is used sparingly. Cyproheptadine promotes the addition of body weight in a restrictive type of anorexia nervosa and acts as an antidepressant. Chlorpromazine or olanzapine (olanzapine) may reduce the pronounced obsessive, compulsive or agitated behavior, in addition, a side effect of these drugs is weight gain. Fluoxetine may reduce relapse rates of eating disorder patients regained normal weight. Fluoxetine may prevent relapse in patients who achieved at least 85% of normal weight. Atypical antipsychotics are effective in reducing high levels of anxiety and promote weight gain.

The programs usually use a nutritional rehabilitation care and emotional support as well as a variety of behavioral therapy techniques, which provide a combination of reinforcing stimuli, combining physical exercise, rest, moreover, is a priority target body weight, desirable behaviors and informative feedback, as stated in Anorexia nervosa-

Prevention.

Nutritional care of patients with anorexia nervosa, is an important part of their treatment. In chronic starvation the energy demand is reduced. Consequently, the weight gain can contribute by providing initially a relatively low intake of calories and then gradually increasing it. There are several schemes increase supply, compliance with which ensures that no side effects and complications in the form of edema, disorders of mineral metabolism, the lesions of the digestive system.

TV and glossy magazines have done their job: a lot of men refuse food, always check your weight, pace yourself exercise “to look like a model”. Therefore, doctors were forced to introduce a new concept: male version of anorexia.
British doctors are sounding the alarm: the growth of eating disorders among men is enormous. For the most part it’s anorexia and bulimia. Experts estimate that today every fifth Briton, who suffered from anorexia – is a man.

All in all, eating disorders have been reported in almost two million British men. Over the last decade the number of men with anorexia or bulimia, admitted to hospital due to serious health problems, increased by 66%, according to the Department of Health.

As noted by physicians in the case of anorexia in men is even more difficult diagnosis than women. Men simply hide the fact that very little is eaten, calculate calories, weigh in at every opportunity – because anorexia, according to popular stereotype in society, is “a disease of women”. However, in anonymous surveys of men admit that they want to look like men – models, and are ready for it to refuse to eat and spend every free minute at the gym.

Considering the positive changes in the situation with anorexia, in May 2011, the Knesset passed the first reading of the so-called “Law of anorexia”. It calls for a ban on participation in promotions and male mannequins that appear undernourished. If the image will be subjected to graphic processing, advertisers will have to specify it.

Taken as the basis of the so-called “body mass index” (BMI). To determine the weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). World Health Organization approved rate – from 18.5 to 25. Anything below is considered as malnutrition, above – such as obesity. It is not assessed by any percentage of fat, not muscle mass of the body.

Thus, beyond the “WHO guidelines” will be the model with the relations of height and weight: 180 cm – less than 60 kg and 170 cm – less than 53 kg. A study by the analytical service of the Knesset, the Israeli one and a half thousand children and adolescents each year are diagnosed with “eating disorders”. Two hundred cases a year, the disease ends in death of the patient. 30% of Israeli teenage girls are making every effort to lose weight. Often, they act without consulting your doctor or dietitian clinical, relying on fashion magazines, or advice girlfriends.

Much of the responsibility for what is happening the author’s laying on advertising, which imposes certain public image of female beauty. “The media reduces the self esteem of spectators, and the existing type mannequins cultivates thinness ideal” – say they are. The researchers emphasize that eating disorders are particularly dangerous in the transition to adulthood and its consequences may affect the rest of their lives.

The initiators of the bill were members of Rachel Adachi (“Kadima”) and Danny Danon (“Likud”). According to Adachi, the parliamentarians had to intervene in this sphere after it became clear that no one controls what happens in the modeling and advertising. It should be noted that eating disorders in general are not considered a psychiatric problem, as described in Anorexia nervosa.

“As a result of ill anorexic girls and their families do not receive any psychological support from the state. Now in the public spotlight will be all the associated problems with these diseases. I get many letters of support from the afflicted girls and their families, and public opinion polls show – 79 % of Israelis favor a law” – said Rachel Adachi.

The deputy also rejected allegations that the body mass index is subjective. The deputy recalled that the indicator, developed over a hundred years ago, adopted by the World Health Organization, and its validity has received scientific confirmation. “Clearly, model agencies and fashion models, ganged up against us. They slaughter of his own pocket, and we – the future of Israeli children” – says Adachi.